Cuba's relationships across the Americas

One economy across the Florida Straits: deep 19th-century commerce, mass movement of people and cigars, and a diaspora that reshaped South Florida.

Veracruz and Havana were directly linked through the Spanish fleet system; western Cuba and Mexico's Gulf coast form one maritime neighbourhood.

Cuba and Puerto Rico shared Spanish colonial roots and were Spain's final major Caribbean colonies until 1898.

Jamaica sat south of Cuba along routes toward Central America and Panama — a 1913 work called it the 'front door to Panama'.

Hispaniola connected Cuba to Dominican trade, migration, sugar, shipping, music and religion across the Greater Antilles.

Through Portobelo and Caribbean routes Cuba connected to the isthmus and Pacific trade; the 1914 canal reshaped shipping but left Cuba near Gulf and Atlantic approaches.

Cartagena was a fleet-era partner of Havana; the Cartagena–Havana and Barranquilla–Cuba routes anchor Cuba's link to northern South America.

The Bahamas sat between Cuba and Florida on the Indigenous and colonial movement network; Bahamian communities were part of the Florida Straits world.

Hispaniola brought Cuba into contact with Haitian history, migration, agriculture, religion and music across the Windward Passage.

La Guaira and the Venezuelan coast connected to Cuba through Caribbean sea routes that fed the fleet system.

Canada is a major North Atlantic origin market for Cuban tourism and a source of hospitality and investment research interest.

Cuba's colonial metropole for four centuries and the Atlantic terminus of the fleet system; the Archivo General de Indias is a primary source for corridor history.